Clementine Hunter

Clementine Hunter, born around December 31, 1886, at Hidden Hill Plantation (now Little Eva Plantation) near Natchitoches, Louisiana, would become one of America's most significant folk artists. As a young girl, her family moved to Melrose Plantation, where she would spend most of her life.

Melrose, an indigo, tobacco, and cotton plantation founded in the 1790s by Marie Therese, a freed Congo woman, and her son Augustin Metoyer, became the backdrop for Hunter's artistic journey. The plantation was a focal point of African and Creole cultures along the Cane River area.

Early Life and Artistic Beginnings

As the oldest of seven children, Hunter received no formal education. She worked in the fields alongside her parents, experiences that would later inform her detailed depictions of plantation life. Over time, Hunter transitioned from fieldwork to becoming the cook at Melrose.

During Hunter's residence, Melrose evolved into a small artist colony, hosting renowned writers and artists. While it's often recounted that New Orleans artist Alberta Kinsey's left-behind paints in 1940 sparked Hunter's painting career, Hunter had been expressing herself artistically long before this.

Artistic Development

Hunter's first painting, a Cane River baptism on a window shade, sold for merely 25 cents. However, her unique portrayal of black southern life on Melrose quickly gained popularity. She captured everyday scenes including weddings, baptisms, dances, and various forms of labor.

Experimenting with materials ranging from cardboard and canvas to window shades and lampshades, Hunter also explored different painting styles. While she briefly ventured into abstraction at the encouragement of James Register, Hunter preferred representational and realistic styles that characterize most of her work.

The African House Murals

One of Hunter's most significant projects was the African House Murals, commissioned by Francois Mignon in 1955. Completed over seven weeks, these murals on the second floor of the African house offer a panoramic view of plantation life at Melrose. The scenes include cotton picking, a Baptist church, a cotton harvest, a wedding, a funeral, a baptism, washday scenes, domestic arts, a honkytonk, a pecan harvest, and even a self-portrait of Hunter painting.

Recognition and Legacy

Hunter continued painting until shortly before her death on January 1, 1988, at the age of 101. Her legacy includes numerous awards and honors:

- An honorary doctorate from Northwestern University in 1986
- The first African-American artist to have a solo exhibition at the New Orleans Museum of Art
- Inclusion in Shinnerrie Jackson's one-woman musical "Ain't I a Woman?"
- Subject of the documentary "Clementine Hunter's World"
- Establishment of Clementine Hunter Day in Louisiana in 2019

Hunter's life and work have continued to inspire artists across various mediums. In 2013, renowned avant-garde theater director Robert Wilson premiered an opera titled "Zinnias: The Life of Clementine Hunter." This innovative production celebrated Hunter's extraordinary journey through a unique blend of music, visual art, and storytelling, further cementing her place in the cultural landscape.

Influence and Collections

Hunter's work is displayed in prestigious institutions across the United States, including:

- The Smithsonian Institute
- The New Orleans Museum of Art
- The Museum of American Folk Art in New York
- The High Museum of Atlanta
- The Dallas Museum of Fine Arts
- The New York Historical Association
- The Oprah Winfrey Collection in Chicago

Through her prolific career and distinctive style, Clementine Hunter has secured her place not only as Louisiana's most famous female artist but also as one of the most important folk artists in American history.